Stealth Aircraft
Stealth aircraft is a plane designed to absorb and deflect radar uses stealth technology, making it more difficult to detect. In general, the goal is to launch an attack while he was still outside enemy detection. F-117 Nighthawk is one type of stealth aircraft that use the United States Air Force in the Gulf War.
Stealth aircraft has the ability to avoid detection, both in visual detection, audio, heat sensors, as well as radio waves (radar). Visually, the plane is more difficult to see if has the same color as the background color (camouflage). The audio, of course, trying to make the plane more calmly.
The heat sensors, aircraft are usually detected from the heat arising from the body or from the surrounding air temperature. Hottest part of the plane is typically the channel air exhaust or engine exhaust and the leading edge (the plane that first split the air). Heat from the exhaust can be reduced by mixing the spray engine with cold air from the outside of the fuselage before it is exhaled out of the plane and extend the exhaust pipe (such as A-4 Skyhawk Indonesia which have exhaust is longer than the standard version). Exhaust part is usually pursued by anti-aircraft missiles with infrared sensors. However, modern heat-seeking missile is now also have the ability to detect and chase the heat generated due to friction with the air surface of the fuselage.
Detection of a radio wave is to prevent radio waves from the radar is reflected from the fuselage and back to the radar. Radio waves can be absorbed if the fuselage is coated RAM (Radar Absorbent Material), is reflected in the other direction, or such that the wave is lost or mutually exclusive (it is this which underlies the form of stealth aircraft which have a shape other than ordinary aircraft or a little strange .)
Stealth aircraft are usually not 100% undetectable radar. But because it has the RCS (Radar Cross Section) is small, only visible on the radar screen for hordes of birds, not planes.
Inventors Beast Technology
'Beast' was developed by a Russian scientist, in 1966 by Dr. Pyotr Ufimtsevthrough a working paper entitled the method of edge waves in the physical theory Diffraction (Method of Edge Waves in Physical Theory of Diffraction), which is a working paper which is long enough but not long-winded, published by one of the media in Moscow in 1966. But this paper does not get a warm welcome by experts there, because a lot of content that can not be digested by common sense. In fact Ufimtsev is an experienced expert in the Moscow Institute of Radio Engineering.
The idea of pure Ufimtsev pelumpuhan formulation is its network of radar and the conclusions drawn from raw British expert James Clerk Maxwell in the 19th century, where after they are mixed many times coupled with integrated reasoning, Ufimtsev calculates new ways, which form a specific geometric shape of space reflect electromagnetic radiation. By creating a radar cross calculations that can be easily overpowered. He set a two-dimensional formula-sided configuration, the form of ordinances to tamper with the components in a radar. As a result, radar can be impaired when distracted by a two-dimensional ray earlier. Ray was actually still not enough but if it is carefully calculated from it can be created three-dimensional plane is difficult to track radar.
Theoretically, a lot of power to paralyze stealth, but very much needed computer network that works very fast. Exactly like watching the ball by using binoculars which can be localized, but do not expect to menjejaknya so like a ball being played, the players are dribbling somewhere and can not shoot the ball that flies off somewhere at him with a pellet gun.
In 1979, Russia developed a reconnaissance plane and the pilot was successful anti-aircraft radar to deceive the United States in the Nevada desert.
In 1976, a copy was eventually leaked and fell into the hands of the United States, then translated by the U.S. Air Force technology division. Routinely, the experts at the Air Force elicit, analyze and develop these steath technology. Among a spy plane SR-71 Blackbird, F-117 and B-2.
Principle Aircraft Beast
In principle, so that the plane was a stealth (invisible) dalah how to reduce the Radar Cross Section (RCS), which appear on radar. Steps to be done is to make the design of the plane such that the surfaces of aircraft as small as possible reflect the emitted radar energy to be recaptured by the radar antenna. Even if necessary form the plane did not reflect radar energy. If reflected, labored to bounce radar energy is directed in another direction so that if one is caught again, at least only a small portion. For that, the plane made a strange shape not as usual. As an example, the form of B-2 aircraft which has a range that is as long range DC-10 aircraft but made for flat and curved shape in the middle of the body. With this form, in addition to the radar beam velocity is slowed down also gives the reflection effect in all directions.
Wing shape also affect the reflection of radar energy emitted. Form of the old wing straight into the side for example, provide a perfect reflection so that the aircraft is easily detected. on the screen, point the planes RCS looks great. Given this, then people make sayung wings backward, indeed minimize the reflection but not satisfactory due to the greater RCS, then be made to Delta that makes most of the radar beam on the wing, largely exiled to the other direction. Then made the wings with crescent shape like those of the next-generation planes. By creating an arch in the wing, leading edge, then bounce the other way more perfect.
Another design is to form a plane-sided facet facets kubustik such as eye shape, as in the eyes of dragonflies. Forms are also found on the helicopter on the generation of 1980-1990's as the AH-1 Cobra and AH-64 Apache so that the reflection of radar is not returned to the radar antenna.
Then the general design of stealth aircraft does not permit the pylon or missile or rocket hanger suspended from the body and wings of aircraft such as encountered in the general plane. So that the missile was placed on the shelf-bomb (bomb bay) special.
Another way that is by using a special material known as RAM (Radar Anti-material) that be an energy absorbing material radar beam. The materials include epoxy composites graphyte form of carbon. Because of that, then do not terpantulkan radar energy.
Nevertheless, the bill still is not perfect to fool radar. For example, the F-117 stealth aircraft had been shot down by anti-aircraft missile SAM (Surface to Air Missiles) SA-2 Guideline owned Serbia when NATO air operations in 1999 during the Kosovo Conflict
Aircraft Demon Who Could Fly, Sail and Dive
U.S. wants to develop aircraft capable of diving and can fly hundreds of nautical miles away, the crashing sea malignant and then dive to land commandos on the coast of the enemy.
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency AS (DARPA) acknowledged it has never done this before, "because the design requirements for airplanes that can dive and regular aircraft are diametrically opposed."
However, in a request for proposals like this in this month, his party said it was seeking "a radical new technology that can provide such capabilities to the Department of Defense for the infiltration of small teams secretly on the beach is very famous as lawan.DARPA forerunner of many Pentagon's most revolutionary innovations, from the Internet to the stealth technologies that support the B-2 stealth bomber.
Proposals-proposals require feasibility studies and experiments to prove the concept of aircraft that can dive with the speed and range as regular aircraft, the ability to explore such as boats and stealth properties like stealth ship.
The proposed aircraft must be able to fly commandos 1,000 miles as far as 1850 miles to the sea or the theater of operations, fly close to sea level as far as 185 kilometers others and then moving under the water as far as 22 kilometers.
And these planes can do all that for eight jam.Pesawat would also be able to wander for three days in seas with waves as high as four meter.Bukan that's it. The plane must have enough fuel to pick up the commandos and bring them a meeting point 185 miles away.
Many contradictions
"Given the many different requirements and design considerations, clearly the difficulties faced in the development of aircraft capable of diving, said DARPA, as reported by AFP.
The aircraft was designed as light as possible and can float. In contrast, the submarine need weight to remain under water, and bekulit thick to be able to withstand the pressure under water.
Proposed DARPA stated many previous attempts have failed because their attention is more focused on flying submarine.
"It is difficult to create a propulsion system that is able to make planes with weights like a submarine airborne, on the contrary might be the thing as light as possible for the aircraft platform to be able to dive into the water as long as the operating depths can be minimized."
Paint Radar Absorber
Radar absorbing material or radar absorbing paint, used on the edge of the metal surface. Layers of RAM, also known as iron ball paint, containing a small layer that is coated with carbonyl iron ferrite, the ferrite grains stick on the polymer matrix
Radar waves influenced the changing magnetic field in the layer of RAM, which is in the conversion of their energy into heat. Aircraft should be painted by robots, because the toxic solvents used, only the thickness of the sprayed coating must be observed strictly.
Similarly, the material used to coat the cockpit window of the radar waves would normally enter the cockpit, reflecting something random (the inside of the cockpit has a very complex form), and may return completely to the radar transmitter.
By coating the cockpit window using a thin film of gold metallic materials that help to reduce the profile of radar aircraft, because if the layer of gold film reflects radar waves are coming, most of the energy it is possible to walk straight or waste instead of returning to the radar transmitter again.
Film of metallic gold thin enough so as not to affect the pilots view
Stealth aircraft is a plane designed to absorb and deflect radar uses stealth technology, making it more difficult to detect. In general, the goal is to launch an attack while he was still outside enemy detection. F-117 Nighthawk is one type of stealth aircraft that use the United States Air Force in the Gulf War.
Stealth aircraft has the ability to avoid detection, both in visual detection, audio, heat sensors, as well as radio waves (radar). Visually, the plane is more difficult to see if has the same color as the background color (camouflage). The audio, of course, trying to make the plane more calmly.
The heat sensors, aircraft are usually detected from the heat arising from the body or from the surrounding air temperature. Hottest part of the plane is typically the channel air exhaust or engine exhaust and the leading edge (the plane that first split the air). Heat from the exhaust can be reduced by mixing the spray engine with cold air from the outside of the fuselage before it is exhaled out of the plane and extend the exhaust pipe (such as A-4 Skyhawk Indonesia which have exhaust is longer than the standard version). Exhaust part is usually pursued by anti-aircraft missiles with infrared sensors. However, modern heat-seeking missile is now also have the ability to detect and chase the heat generated due to friction with the air surface of the fuselage.
Detection of a radio wave is to prevent radio waves from the radar is reflected from the fuselage and back to the radar. Radio waves can be absorbed if the fuselage is coated RAM (Radar Absorbent Material), is reflected in the other direction, or such that the wave is lost or mutually exclusive (it is this which underlies the form of stealth aircraft which have a shape other than ordinary aircraft or a little strange .)
Stealth aircraft are usually not 100% undetectable radar. But because it has the RCS (Radar Cross Section) is small, only visible on the radar screen for hordes of birds, not planes.
Inventors Beast Technology
'Beast' was developed by a Russian scientist, in 1966 by Dr. Pyotr Ufimtsevthrough a working paper entitled the method of edge waves in the physical theory Diffraction (Method of Edge Waves in Physical Theory of Diffraction), which is a working paper which is long enough but not long-winded, published by one of the media in Moscow in 1966. But this paper does not get a warm welcome by experts there, because a lot of content that can not be digested by common sense. In fact Ufimtsev is an experienced expert in the Moscow Institute of Radio Engineering.
The idea of pure Ufimtsev pelumpuhan formulation is its network of radar and the conclusions drawn from raw British expert James Clerk Maxwell in the 19th century, where after they are mixed many times coupled with integrated reasoning, Ufimtsev calculates new ways, which form a specific geometric shape of space reflect electromagnetic radiation. By creating a radar cross calculations that can be easily overpowered. He set a two-dimensional formula-sided configuration, the form of ordinances to tamper with the components in a radar. As a result, radar can be impaired when distracted by a two-dimensional ray earlier. Ray was actually still not enough but if it is carefully calculated from it can be created three-dimensional plane is difficult to track radar.
Theoretically, a lot of power to paralyze stealth, but very much needed computer network that works very fast. Exactly like watching the ball by using binoculars which can be localized, but do not expect to menjejaknya so like a ball being played, the players are dribbling somewhere and can not shoot the ball that flies off somewhere at him with a pellet gun.
In 1979, Russia developed a reconnaissance plane and the pilot was successful anti-aircraft radar to deceive the United States in the Nevada desert.
In 1976, a copy was eventually leaked and fell into the hands of the United States, then translated by the U.S. Air Force technology division. Routinely, the experts at the Air Force elicit, analyze and develop these steath technology. Among a spy plane SR-71 Blackbird, F-117 and B-2.
Principle Aircraft Beast
In principle, so that the plane was a stealth (invisible) dalah how to reduce the Radar Cross Section (RCS), which appear on radar. Steps to be done is to make the design of the plane such that the surfaces of aircraft as small as possible reflect the emitted radar energy to be recaptured by the radar antenna. Even if necessary form the plane did not reflect radar energy. If reflected, labored to bounce radar energy is directed in another direction so that if one is caught again, at least only a small portion. For that, the plane made a strange shape not as usual. As an example, the form of B-2 aircraft which has a range that is as long range DC-10 aircraft but made for flat and curved shape in the middle of the body. With this form, in addition to the radar beam velocity is slowed down also gives the reflection effect in all directions.
Wing shape also affect the reflection of radar energy emitted. Form of the old wing straight into the side for example, provide a perfect reflection so that the aircraft is easily detected. on the screen, point the planes RCS looks great. Given this, then people make sayung wings backward, indeed minimize the reflection but not satisfactory due to the greater RCS, then be made to Delta that makes most of the radar beam on the wing, largely exiled to the other direction. Then made the wings with crescent shape like those of the next-generation planes. By creating an arch in the wing, leading edge, then bounce the other way more perfect.
Another design is to form a plane-sided facet facets kubustik such as eye shape, as in the eyes of dragonflies. Forms are also found on the helicopter on the generation of 1980-1990's as the AH-1 Cobra and AH-64 Apache so that the reflection of radar is not returned to the radar antenna.
Then the general design of stealth aircraft does not permit the pylon or missile or rocket hanger suspended from the body and wings of aircraft such as encountered in the general plane. So that the missile was placed on the shelf-bomb (bomb bay) special.
Another way that is by using a special material known as RAM (Radar Anti-material) that be an energy absorbing material radar beam. The materials include epoxy composites graphyte form of carbon. Because of that, then do not terpantulkan radar energy.
Nevertheless, the bill still is not perfect to fool radar. For example, the F-117 stealth aircraft had been shot down by anti-aircraft missile SAM (Surface to Air Missiles) SA-2 Guideline owned Serbia when NATO air operations in 1999 during the Kosovo Conflict
Aircraft Demon Who Could Fly, Sail and Dive
U.S. wants to develop aircraft capable of diving and can fly hundreds of nautical miles away, the crashing sea malignant and then dive to land commandos on the coast of the enemy.
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency AS (DARPA) acknowledged it has never done this before, "because the design requirements for airplanes that can dive and regular aircraft are diametrically opposed."
However, in a request for proposals like this in this month, his party said it was seeking "a radical new technology that can provide such capabilities to the Department of Defense for the infiltration of small teams secretly on the beach is very famous as lawan.DARPA forerunner of many Pentagon's most revolutionary innovations, from the Internet to the stealth technologies that support the B-2 stealth bomber.
Proposals-proposals require feasibility studies and experiments to prove the concept of aircraft that can dive with the speed and range as regular aircraft, the ability to explore such as boats and stealth properties like stealth ship.
The proposed aircraft must be able to fly commandos 1,000 miles as far as 1850 miles to the sea or the theater of operations, fly close to sea level as far as 185 kilometers others and then moving under the water as far as 22 kilometers.
And these planes can do all that for eight jam.Pesawat would also be able to wander for three days in seas with waves as high as four meter.Bukan that's it. The plane must have enough fuel to pick up the commandos and bring them a meeting point 185 miles away.
Many contradictions
"Given the many different requirements and design considerations, clearly the difficulties faced in the development of aircraft capable of diving, said DARPA, as reported by AFP.
The aircraft was designed as light as possible and can float. In contrast, the submarine need weight to remain under water, and bekulit thick to be able to withstand the pressure under water.
Proposed DARPA stated many previous attempts have failed because their attention is more focused on flying submarine.
"It is difficult to create a propulsion system that is able to make planes with weights like a submarine airborne, on the contrary might be the thing as light as possible for the aircraft platform to be able to dive into the water as long as the operating depths can be minimized."
Paint Radar Absorber
Radar absorbing material or radar absorbing paint, used on the edge of the metal surface. Layers of RAM, also known as iron ball paint, containing a small layer that is coated with carbonyl iron ferrite, the ferrite grains stick on the polymer matrix
Radar waves influenced the changing magnetic field in the layer of RAM, which is in the conversion of their energy into heat. Aircraft should be painted by robots, because the toxic solvents used, only the thickness of the sprayed coating must be observed strictly.
Similarly, the material used to coat the cockpit window of the radar waves would normally enter the cockpit, reflecting something random (the inside of the cockpit has a very complex form), and may return completely to the radar transmitter.
By coating the cockpit window using a thin film of gold metallic materials that help to reduce the profile of radar aircraft, because if the layer of gold film reflects radar waves are coming, most of the energy it is possible to walk straight or waste instead of returning to the radar transmitter again.
Film of metallic gold thin enough so as not to affect the pilots view
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