InfraRED, Spitzer Space Telescope and Gamma

Spitzer Space Telescope

Launched on August 25, 2003 which is designed for 2.5-year mission, Spitzer Space Telescope was designed to obtain images and spectra by detecting the energy between wavelengths of 3 and 180 microns. Most of this infrared radiation is blocked by Earth's atmosphere and can not be observed from the ground.

Consisting of a 0.85-meter telescope and three cryogenically-cooled science instruments, Spitzer is an infrared telescope The Largest ever launched into space It is Designed to explore regions of space the which are hidden from optical telescopes. Many areas of space are filled with vast, dense clouds of gas and dust the which block our view. Infrared light, however cans penetrate these clouds, allowing us to Observe regions of star formation, the centers of galaxies, and newly forming planetary systems. Infrared Also Brings us information about the cooler objects in space, Such as the which Smaller stars are too dim to be detected by Their visible light, extrasolar planets, and giant molecular clouds.Also, many molecules in space, Including organic molecules, have Their unique signatures in the infrared.
Spitzer made an observation of the Andromeda galaxy and detected in the infrared image Evidence That the Smaller galaxy M32 Had in fact collided with Andromeda in the past.
Infrared
* The term "infrared" refers to a broad range of frequencies, beginning at the top end of those frequencies Used for communication and extending up the the low frequency (red) end of the visible spectrum. The wavelength range is from about 1 millimeter down to 750 nm. The range adjacent to the visible spectrum is Called the "near infrared" and the longer wavelength part is called "far infrared".
In Interactions with matter, infrared primarily acts to set the molecules into vibration. Infrared spectrometers are widely Used to study the vibrational spectra of molecules.
Infrared does not penetrate the atmosphere well, but in the infrared astronomy is carried out with the Spitzer Space Telescope.
Space Telescope.
Frequencies: .003 - 4 x 10 14 Hz
Wavelengths: 1 mm - 750 nm
Quantum energies: 0.0012 - 1.65 eV
Electromagnetic spectrum
The narrow visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum corresponds to the wavelengths near the maximum of the Sun's radiation curve. In Interactions with matter, visible light primarily acts to Elevate electrons to higher energy levels.
White Light May be separated into its spectral colors by dispersion in a prism.
Frequencies: 4 - 7.5 x 10 14 Hz
Wavelengths: 750-400 nm
Quantum energies: 1.65 - 3.1 eV
Ultraviolet
The region just below the visible wavelengths is Called in the near ultraviolet. It is very strongly absorbed by most solid substances, and even absorbed appreciably by water. The shorter wavelengths reach the ionization energy for many molecules, so the far ultraviolet has Some of the Dangers attendent to other ionizing radiation. The tissue effects of ultraviolet light include sunburn, but Some cans have therapeutic effects as well. The sun is a strong source of ultraviolet radiation, but atmospheric absorption eliminates most of the shorter wavelengths. The eyes are Quite susceptible to damage from ultraviolet radiation. Welders must wear protective eye shields Because of the uv content of welding arcs cans inflamed the eyes.Snow-blindness is another example of uv inflamation; the snow reflects uv while most other substances absorb it strongly.
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Frequencies: 7.5 x 10 14-3 x 10 16 Hz Frequency: 7.5 x 10 14-3 x 10 16 Hz
Wavelengths: 400 nm - 10 nm
Quantum energies: 3.1 - 124 eV
Electromagnetic spectrum
X-Rays
X-ray was the name given to the highly penetrating rays are the which emanated Pls high-energy electrons struck a metal target. Within a short time of Their discovery, They were the resource being Used in medical facilities to image broken bones. We now know That They are high frequency electromagnetic rays are produced Pls the which the electrons are decelerated Suddenly - these rays are Called bremsstrahlung radiation, or "braking radiation". X-rays are produced in this way have definite energies have just like other "line spectra from atomic electrons. They are Called characteristic x-rays since They have energies determined by the atomic energy levels.
* In Interactions with matter, x-rays are ionizing radiation and Produce the which physiological effects are not observed with any exposure of non-ionizing radiation, Such as the risk of mutations or cancer in tissue.
Astronomical observations in the X-ray region of the spectrum are obtained with the Chandra X-ray Observatory.
X-rays are part of the Electromagnetic spectrum
Frequencies: 3 x 10 16 Hz upward Frequency: 3 x 10 16 Hz to top
Wavelengths: 10 nm
Quantum energies: 124 eV -> Quantum upward energy: 124 eV
Gamma-rays
The term gamma ray is Used to denote electromagnetic radiation from the nucleus as a part of a radioactive process.The energy of nuclear radiation is extremely high Because Such radiation is born in the intense conflict Between the strong nuclear force and the electromagnetic force, the two strongest basic forces. The gamma ray photon May in fact be identical to an x-ray, since both are electromagnetic rays; the terms x-rays and gamma rays are statements about the origin rather Than implying different Kinds of radiation.
* In Interactions with matter, gamma rays are ionizing radiation and Produce the which physiological effects are not observed with any exposure of non-ionizing radiation, Such as the risk of mutations or cancer in tissue.
Frequencies: typically> 10 20 Hz
Wavelengths: typically <10 -12 m
Quantum energies: typically> 1 MeV